This was part of the Black Belt, named for the fertile land in the upland South that supported extensive cotton plantations in the 19th century. Its merchants traded with the planters in the area. The town grew as a commercial center served by stagecoach. His namesake county is at the northern end of the state. The city was named in honor of Wilson Lumpkin, a two-term governor of Georgia and legislator who supported Indian removal. First named the county seat of Randolph County on December 2, 1830, it became the seat of Stewart County when the latter was split from Randolph three weeks later. Lumpkin was incorporated by European Americans on March 30, 1829. During the Indian removal of 1830, the United States government forced such tribes to move west of the Mississippi River to Indian Territory, to extinguish their claims and make way for more European-American settlement. Historical tribes included the Cherokee, Choctaw and Creek, who encountered European Americans as their settlements moved into traditional territory. This area of Georgia was inhabited by succeeding cultures of indigenous Native Americans for thousands of years before European contact.
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